John Brown Toll Road

The road showcased in this tour has a long history.  It was built in 1861 – which was when the American Civil War was just getting started.

About 1860, early settlement of the Southern California area was occurring. One of the main travel routes was over the Cajon Pass.  Also in 1860, gold was discovered in the San Bernardino Mountains near current-day Big Bear Lake, which attracted an onslaught of gold-seekers.

An area entrepreneur named John Brown saw the need for an improved road over the Cajon Pass, not only for cross-country travelers and pioneers, but also for people traveling from the L.A. Basin to Big Bear.

To turn a profit on this new demand, Brown decided to build a toll road.  It would span between modern-day Devore at the mouth of the Cajon Pass to the Cajon Summit.  From the summit, another existing road would take travelers to Big Bear and the summit was also near the Old Spanish Trail for pioneers traveling from points north and east to L.A.

Brown built the road to not only accommodate wagons but also herds of stock animals.   He built two tollbooths.  Both were located in narrow parts of the Cajon Pass so that when people were transporting herds of animals, they couldn’t go around the booth and and had pay the toll.  One booth was located just south of Blue Cut.  The other booth was located just north of Crowder Canyon.

National Old Trails Road – Route 66

One of the first cross-country roads built in the USA was the National Old Trails Road.  It spanned from Baltimore, Maryland to Los Angeles, with a branch reaching to San Francisco.

For the road’s alignment through the Cajon Pass, since John Brown’s road was still in use, just not as a toll road anymore, it was logical to use the same alignment as all of the road cuts were usable.  However, from the mouth of Crowder Canyon to Summit Inn (the portion of the road covered in this tour), was one lane, narrow, steep and, in some places, next to precariously steep drop-offs.  However, this didn’t scare the small amount of travelers in those days, since they didn’t have any organized roads before 1914.

When Route 66 was commissioned in 1926, much of the western-half of the National Old Trails Road alignment was used – from Los Angeles to New Mexico.  But by 1918, the steep 18% grade proved to be too steep for the crude automobiles of those days and a new road was built that roughly follows the I-15 alignment.  Much of the road alignments built after 1918 between the summit and where I-15 crosses the railroad tracks was obliterated when I-15 was built.

The following map from 1915 shows the road from Victorville to San Bernardino, including the Cajon Pass.  It shows the two road alignments in the upper Cajon Pass.  The road following this tour is the thin line below the number 27 and next to the word “Pass”.

Throughout the Cajon Pass between 1915 and 1950, the alignment of Route 66 changed frequently.  In the case of the Brown Toll Road route, it proved to be too steep for the motor vehicles of the day and, with the increased traffic now that the cross-country road was built, the road needed to be widened to two lanes.

Other reasons for realignments of the road were because of washouts.  Since the less-steep gradients for roads were next to natural drainages (creeks), sections of the roads were placed near these drainages.  But it wasn’t discovered until a few years later that these seemingly harmless drainages would turn into rampaging rivers during the winter months, which caused the roads to be washed out.  New alignments were often made when such a discovery was made.  Much of this ended after the 1950 was constructed.

Pacific Crest Trail

One of the best ways to experience the old road is to take a short hike along the famed Pacific Crest Trail (PCT).  As shown in the virtual tour above, the PCT was built on top of the old road through Crowder Canyon.  Along this half-mile stretch, you can see where an old bridge crossed the small creek in Crowder Canyon used to exist, as well as sections of old pavement that was laid down around 1915.

From where the McDonalds and gas station is located near Hwy 138 and I-15, continue down Wagon Wheel Road to its end, which is next to the freeway’s truck scales.  Park your car by the historical monument and walk towards the end of the road.  There, you’ll see several signs for the PCT.

Walk up the PCT which leads north into Crowder Canyon.  After about a hundred feet, you will see two cement bridge abutments which used to hold the old bridge.  From the south, the road came up along the northbound lanes of I-15 and then turned right into Crowder Canyon.  Where it entered the canyon, the road crossed the creek and continued up the left side of the canyon, which is the path the PCT takes.

Continue your short hike past the site of the bridge.  Soon you’ll be walking on top of the old chunks of pavement.  You’ll also experience how the old road hugged the steep sides of Crowder Canyon.  It will be difficult for anybody to imagine that a road built for automobiles used to pass through this narrow canyon.

The canyon is actually quite scenic as the freeway noise quickly fades as you pass the first turn.  The trail is easy to follow and walk on.  It makes several twists and turns for about a half mile.  Along the way, you’ll see different segments of old pavement.  It then opens up into a wide wash and, in the distance, you’ll see the large road cuts of I-15.

At this point, the PCT stops following the old road and turns right to climb a ridge.  The old road’s alignment continued on the left (west) bank of the drainage until it reaches Highway 138 in another half mile.

Trip Map